Sports Medicine

运动训练室时间(星期一至五)

• 12:30 - 2:30 -所有损伤评估，治疗和康复
• 2 – 2:20pm - Tape for away games
• 下午2:45 - 3:30 -主场比赛/训练的磁带
• 3:30 – Completion of All Athletic Games - Athletic Trainer on the field for home games/practices

The athletic training room will be open at least 30 minutes prior to all home games (including Saturdays).

NO EVALUATIONS, TREATMENT, or REHAB will be done after school and/or on the field. Students should make it a priority to be in the athletic training room during lunch and/or free periods.

Injuries occurring DURING practice or games will be handled on the field as they occur.

ALL athletes MUST follow the posted schedule unless special arrangements have been made with the athletic trainer ahead of time!

Caroline Oakley - Head Athletic Trainer

Caroline Oakley started working at Germantown Academy in September 2022 when she joined the Sports Medicine team at NovaCare Rehabilitation. She graduated from Temple University in 2011 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Athletic Training and became a board certified athletic trainer.

Oakley曾在Villa Maria高中(PA)工作。, Downington East High School (PA), 并在威利斯顿州立大学(ND)担任运动教练, but has also served as a Physician Extender at Brandywine Institute of Orthopaedics. 她是国家运动训练员协会的成员, Pennsylvania Athletic Training Society, and Eastern Athletic Trainers Society, and is CPR, AED, First Aid, and lifeguard certified. 

267-405–7499 | Email

Bruce McCabe - Associate Athletic Trainer

Bruce McCabe started working at Germantown Academy in September 2015 when he joined the Sports Medicine team at NovaCare Rehabilitation. He graduated from Rowan University in 2014 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Athletic Training. He became a board certified athletic trainer and then went on to pursue his Master of Science degree from East Stroudsburg University for Athletic Training: Advanced Clinical Practice. During his time there he worked as a graduate assistant athletic trainer for the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, 是NHL匹兹堡企鹅队的美国冰球联盟附属球队. While at East Stroudsburg University, Bruce earned a certification in Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM). He most recently became certified as an Emergency Medical Responder by American Red Cross.

267-405-7238 | Email

宾夕法尼亚州议会通过了众议院第1号法案. 1610 which establishes standards for preventing sudden cardiac arrest and death in student athletes. 参加或希望参加体育活动的学生, their parents, and coaches must be educated about the nature and risk of sudden cardiac arrest. A student determined by a game official, coach from the student's team, athletic trainer, licensed physician, or other official designated by the student’s school entity exhibits signs or of sudden cardiac arrest while participating in an athletic activity is required to be removed from participation at that time. The student may not return to play until the student is evaluated and cleared for participation by a licensed physician, 注册执业护士或心脏病专家.

The purpose of this document is to provide you the information required by law relating to sudden cardiac arrest. If you have any questions, please contact the Athletic Training Services as 267-405 symptoms -7238.

What is sudden cardiac arrest?

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is the sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. Sudden cardiac arrest usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, 阻止血液流向身体其他部位.

心脏骤停不同于心脏病发作, 当流向心脏某一部分的血液被阻塞时会发生什么. However, a heart attack can sometimes trigger an electrical disturbance that leads to sudden cardiac arrest.

心脏骤停是医疗紧急情况. 如果不立即治疗，会导致心源性猝死. 通过快速、适当的医疗护理，存活是可能的. Administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) — or even just rapid compressions to the chest — can improve the chances of survival until emergency personnel arrive.

体征和症状可能包括以下一项或多项:

• Racing heart, palpitations
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• 晕厥晕厥或癫痫发作，尤指在运动中或运动后
• 昏厥的反复或因兴奋或惊吓而昏厥的
• Chest pain or discomfort with exercise
• 运动时或运动后过度的、意外的疲劳
• 呼吸困难运动时呼吸过度短促或呼吸困难
• Loss of consciousness

The following factors increase risk of SCA:

• 50岁前有已知心脏异常或猝死家族史
• Specific family history of Long QT Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, 或心律失常性右心室发育不良(ARVD)
• Family members with unexplained fainting, seizures, drowning or near drowning, or car accidents
• 已知心脏结构异常，不论是否修复

If sudden cardiac arrest is suspected:

• 运动员应立即离场
• Seek a medical professional
• If needed, begin CPR
• If symptoms continue, call 911

宾夕法尼亚州议会已经通过了参议院第19号法案. 200 which establishes standards for managing concussions and traumatic brain injuries for student athletes. 参加或希望参加体育活动的学生, their parents, and coaches must be educated about the nature and risk of concussion and traumatic brain injury. A student determined by a game official, coach from the student's team, athletic trainer, licensed physician, licensed physical therapist or other official designated by the student’s school entity to exhibit signs or symptoms of a concussion or traumatic brain injury while participating in an athletic activity is required to be removed from participation at that time. The student may not return to play until the student is evaluated and cleared for participation by an appropriate medical professional with a background in concussion management.

What can happen if my child/player keeps playing with a concussion or returns too soon?

Athletes with the signs and symptoms of concussion should be removed from play immediately. Continuing to play with the signs and symptoms of a concussion leaves the young athlete especially vulnerable to greater injury. There is an increased risk of significant damage from a concussion for a period of time after that concussion occurs, particularly if the athlete suffers another concussion before completely recovering from the first one. This can lead to prolonged recovery, or even severe brain swelling (second impact syndrome) with devastating and even fatal consequences. It is well known that adolescent or teenage athletes will often fail to report symptoms of injuries. Concussions are no different. As a result, education of administrators, coaches, 家长和学生是保障学生运动员安全的关键.

If a concussion is suspected:

Seek medical attention right away. A concussion specialist will be able to decide how serious the concussion is and when it is safe for your child to return to sports. Keep your child out of play. Concussions take time to heal. 在脑震荡专家说没事之前，不要让你的孩子回来玩. Children who return to play too soon—while the brain is still healing—risk a greater chance of having a second concussion. 第二次或以后的脑震荡可能非常严重. 它们会造成永久性的脑损伤，影响你的孩子一生.

It is OK to:

• Use acetaminophen (Tylenol) for head aches
• Use ice pack on head & neck as needed for comfort
• Eat a light diet
• Go to sleep
• Rest (no strenuous activity or sports)

There is NO need to:

• Check eyes with a flashlight
• Wake up every hour
• Test reflexes
• Stay in bed

Do NOT:

• Drive while symptomatic
• Exercise or lift weights
• Take ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications

如果一名运动员在场上被怀疑有脑震荡, he/she is removed immediately from play. 运动教练(ATC)将进行现场评估. Once a concussion is confirmed, the ATC will give an informational packet to the parent or guardian containing educational materials and a list of local concussion specialists in the area. During the recovery process, the ATC will work with the physician to safely return the athlete to play using a graduated return-to-play program.

Heat Stroke
中暑是最严重的与热有关的疾病. It occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature: the body’s temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106°F or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent disability if emergency treatment is not given.

The National Athletic Trainer’s Association’s position statement calls for taking a rectal temperature of those suspected of having exertional heat stroke. “The only accurate measurements of core body temperature are via rectal thermometry or ingestible thermistors. Other devices, such as oral, axillary, 耳道和颞动脉温度计, 评估运动者体温的方法是否不准确."

Symptoms of heat stroke include:

• 神志不清，精神状态改变，言语不清
• Loss of consciousness (coma)
• Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
• Seizures
• Very high body temperature
• Fatal if treatment delayed

First Aid
采取以下步骤治疗中暑学生:

• Call 911 for emergency medical care.
• 待在学生身边直到紧急医疗服务到达.
• 把学生移到阴凉的地方，脱掉外面的衣服.
• Cool the student quickly with a cold water or ice bath if possible; wet the skin, place cold wet cloths on skin, or soak clothing with cool water.
• 让工人周围的空气循环以加速冷却.
• Place cold wet cloths or ice on head, neck, armpits, and groin; or soak the clothing with cool water.

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Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is the body’s response to an excessive loss of the water and salt, usually through excessive sweating. 最容易中暑的人是老年人, have high blood pressure, 以及那些在炎热的环境中工作/玩耍的人.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:

• Headache
• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Irritability
• Thirst
• Heavy sweating
• Elevated body temperature
• Decreased urine output

First Aid
用以下方法治疗中暑的学生:

• 带学生到诊所或急诊室进行医疗评估和治疗.
• If medical care is unavailable, call 911.
• 在救援到来之前，应该有人陪着学生.
• 将学生带离热区，并给予液体饮用.
• 脱掉不需要的衣服，包括鞋子和袜子.
• Cool the student with cold compresses or have the worker wash head, face, and neck with cold water.
• Encourage frequent sips of cool water.

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Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a medical condition associated with heat stress and prolonged physical exertion, resulting in the rapid breakdown, rupture, and death of muscle. When muscle tissue dies, electrolytes and large proteins are released into the bloodstream that can cause irregular heart rhythms and seizures, and damage the kidneys.

Symptoms of rhabdomyolysis include:

• Muscle cramps/pain
• Abnormally dark (tea or cola colored) urine
• Weakness
• Exercise intolerance
• Asymptomatic

First Aid

有横纹肌溶解症状的学生应:

• Stop activity.
• Increase oral hydration (water preferred).
• 立即到最近的医疗机构寻求治疗.
• Ask to be checked for rhabdomyolysis (i.e.，血液样本分析肌酸激酶).

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Heat Syncope
Heat syncope is a fainting (syncope) episode or dizziness that usually occurs with prolonged standing or sudden rising from a sitting or lying position. Factors that may contribute to heat syncope include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

Symptoms of heat syncope include:

• Fainting (short duration)
• Dizziness
• Light-headedness during prolonged standing or suddenly rising from a sitting or lying position

First Aid

Students with heat syncope should:

• Sit or lie down in a cool place.
• 慢慢地喝水，清澈的果汁，或者运动饮料.

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Heat Cramps

热痉挛通常发生在剧烈运动中大量出汗的工人身上. 出汗会消耗身体的盐分和水分. 肌肉中的低盐含量会导致疼痛的痉挛. 热痉挛也可能是中暑衰竭的症状.

Symptoms

• 肌肉痉挛腹部、手臂或腿部的肌肉痉挛、疼痛或痉挛.

First Aid

Students with heat cramps should:

• Drink water and have a snack and/or carbohydrate-electrolyte replacement liquid (e.g., sports drinks) every 15 to 20 minutes.
• Avoid salt tablets.
• 如果工人有心脏问题，应寻求医疗帮助, is on a low sodium diet, or if cramps do not subside within 1 hour.

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Heat Rash

Heat rash is a skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather.

Symptoms of heat rash include:

• 看起来像红色的丘疹或小水泡
• Usually appears on the neck, upper chest, groin, under the breasts, and in elbow creases

First Aid

Students experiencing heat rash should:

• 如果可能的话，一个更凉爽、不那么潮湿的工作环境是最好的治疗方法.
• Keep rash area dry.
• Powder may be applied to increase comfort.
• Ointments and creams should not be used.